- geography vvi subjective question answer 2022
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Que.1. What are the two fundamental areas of human development?
Ans. The fundamental areas of human development are health, education and access to resources. The development of the capabilities of the people in these areas increases the choices of the people, leading to the development of human beings. Health assessment is life-expectancy at birth. Higher life expectancy means that people have more opportunities to live longer and healthier lives. Adult literacy rate and Gross Enrollment Ratio reflect access to knowledge (education). Access to resources depends on purchasing power.
Que.2. Name two sub-fields of political geography.
Ans. The names of two sub-fields of political geography are
(i) Electoral Geography (ii) Military Geography.
Que.3. What do you understand by density of population?
Ans. The number of persons per unit area is called density of population. The area of India is 32.87 lakh square km and there is no change in it. But its population is increasing progressively in the census. Hence the density of population is also increasing in each successive census. In 1991, the population of the country was 84.63 crores and the density was 274 persons per square kilometer. In 2001, the population increased to 102.86 crores, due to which the density increased to 324 persons per sq.km. .
Que.4. Explain the difference between cottage industry and small scale industry?
Ans. Cottage industry or home industry is the smallest unit of manufacturing. In this, the craftsmen use local raw materials and the members of the family together produce the goods with the help of simple tools. They either consume the finished goods themselves or sell it in the local village market. This industry produces articles of daily use such as food items, clothes, mats, utensils, tools, furniture, shoes and small sculptures. Small scale industry is different from cottage industry. In this also local raw materials are used, but its factory remains out of the house and semi-skilled labor and machinery operated by means of power are used. There are more employment opportunities in it. Countries like India, China, Indonesia and Brazil use electricity, electronics in such industries to provide employment to their population. Manufactures toys, machine parts, garments etc.
Que.5. What is subsistence agriculture?
Due to the dense population in subsistence agriculture, production is only on its own.
It is done for subsistence. In this the production remains at subsistence level and there is very little left over for sale. It is prevalent in the monsoon climate zone of southern and southeast Asia.
Que.6. What is Possibility?
Possibilityism – According to this ideology, man is capable of making changes in his environment and he can use many possibilities given by nature for himself. This ideology is human-centered in the relationship between humans and the environment.
Que.7. What is determinism?
Ans. Determinism, environmental determinism or determinism is an old ideology. According to this, in the early stage of development, humans were more influenced by the natural environment and they adapted themselves according to the orders of nature. The reason for this is that the stage of human social development was primitive and the level of technology was very low. In that state man listened to nature, was frightened by its fierceness and worshiped it. In this the place of man was secondary.
8. Classify industries on the basis of ownership.
Ans. Following are the four classes of industries on the basis of ownership
(i) public (ii) private (iii) cooperative and (iv) joint.
Que.9. How is human geography related to other social sciences?
Ans. Under human geography, there is a study of the social, economic, political and demographic characteristics of human beings. These characteristics are specifically studied in sociology, economics, political science and demography respectively. Thus human geography deals with these subjects.
Que.10. Describe the rural urban composition of population.
Ans. The division of the population into rural and urban classes is based on the place of residence of the people. Rural population is the population that lives in villages and their main occupation is agriculture or primary activities. In contrast, the urban population resides in the cities and is engaged in non-primary occupation.
Que.11. What is the urban population?
Ans. Urban population is the population that lives in cities and is engaged in non-primary occupation. The main characteristics of urban population are high growth rate, high density, high level of education and low sex ratio.
Que.12. What do you understand by population composition?
Ans. Population composition or demographic structure is called those characteristics of the population, which can be measured and with the help of which the difference between two different types of individuals can be clarified. Age, gender, literacy, education, occupation, life expectancy, place of residence (rural, urban) etc. are important factors that show the composition of population.
Que.13. What is the importance of age structure?
Ans. The number of people in different age groups is called age structure. It gives knowledge of the ratio of working and dependent population of a country, which helps in making development plans. The sizes of different age groups vary from population to population and over time. If the number of children and boys (014 years) is more in the population, then the dependency ratio will be higher. The large size of the population in the age group of 15 to 59 indicates a large working population. A large proportion of the population above 60 years of age represents the older population, which requires more expenditure for healthcare services. Similarly a high proportion of youth population means that the birth rate is high in that area and the population is young.
Que.14. Define the concept of sustainable development.
Ans. “Sustainable development means a development in which the needs of future generations are met by the present generation without affecting the fulfillment of their needs.” This means that valuable resources like soil or forests should be used at such a pace so that it also maintains the environmental balance and can be restored or recycled naturally and these resources are also left for the people in future.
15. Into which two parts did Finch and Trivartha divide the subject matter of human geography?
is?
Ans. American geographers Finch and Trivartha have divided the subject matter of human geography into the following two main parts (i) physical or natural environment (ii) cultural or man-made environment There are two characteristics of physical or natural environment (i) relief, Climate, drainage system and (ii) natural resources such as soil, minerals, water, forests and wildlife are similarly two characteristics of cultural environment (i) human population, settlements and human occupation, (ii) agriculture, industry, transport, communication And so on.
8. Classify industries on the basis of ownership.
Ans. Following are the four classes of industries on the basis of ownership
(i) public (ii) private (iii) cooperative and (iv) joint.
Que.9. How is human geography related to other social sciences?
Ans. Under human geography, there is a study of the social, economic, political and demographic characteristics of human beings. These characteristics are specifically studied in sociology, economics, political science and demography respectively. Thus human geography deals with these subjects.
Que.10. Describe the rural urban composition of population.
Ans. The division of the population into rural and urban classes is based on the place of residence of the people. Rural population is the population that lives in villages and their main occupation is agriculture or primary activities. In contrast, the urban population resides in the cities and is engaged in non-primary occupation.
Que.11. What is the urban population?
Ans. Urban population is the population that lives in cities and is engaged in non-primary occupation. The main characteristics of urban population are high growth rate, high density, high level of education and low sex ratio.
Que.12. What do you understand by population composition?
Ans. Population composition or demographic structure is called those characteristics of the population, which can be measured and with the help of which the difference between two different types of individuals can be clarified. Age, gender, literacy, education, occupation, life expectancy, place of residence (rural, urban) etc. are important factors that show the composition of population.
Que.13. What is the importance of age structure?
Ans. The number of people in different age groups is called age structure. It gives knowledge of the ratio of working and dependent population of a country, which helps in making development plans. The sizes of different age groups vary from population to population and over time. If the number of children and boys (014 years) is more in the population, then the dependency ratio will be higher. The large size of the population in the age group of 15 to 59 indicates a large working population. A large proportion of the population above 60 years of age represents the older population, which requires more expenditure for healthcare services. Similarly a high proportion of youth population means that the birth rate is high in that area and the population is young.
Que.14. Define the concept of sustainable development.
Ans. “Sustainable development means a development in which the needs of future generations are met by the present generation without affecting the fulfillment of their needs.” This means that valuable resources like soil or forests should be used at such a pace so that it also maintains the environmental balance and can be restored or recycled naturally and these resources are also left for the people in future.
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